One of the most vibrant and culturally significant events in New Orleans each March is Super Sunday. At ACCENT New Orleans DMC, we are privileged to incorporate Mardi Gras Indians into our events, bringing an authentic splash of color, energy, and tradition to second lines and celebrations. To honor their vital role in New Orleans’ heritage, we’re excited to share the history and cultural significance of these captivating cultural ambassadors.
The Tradition of Super Sunday
Super Sunday is celebrated on the Sunday closest to St. Joseph’s Day (March 19), a tradition that dates back to the 19th century. During this event, the Mardi Gras Indian tribes, led by their Big Chiefs, take to the streets in a vibrant display of song, dance, and ritual.
These processions are not just parades but a testament to the enduring spirit of community and friendly competition, as each tribe showcases its intricate suits and performances to outshine others, much to the delight of spectators.
The Roots of the Mardi Gras Indians
There are over 40 Mardi Gras Indian tribes, each with a unique name that nods to their deep connection to Native American culture, including the Wild Magnolias, the Young Maasai Hunters, the Wild Tchoupitoulas, Bayou Renegades, and the Golden Feather Hunters. Each tribe has positions among its members such as Big Chief, Big Queen, Spy Boy, and Flag Boy. Each position holds an individual responsibility in the tribe.
Their chants and songs are steeped in history, reflecting a blend of African and Native American traditions. The origins of the Mardi Gras Indians trace back to antebellum times when escaped slaves found refuge among Southern Native American tribes. This shared history of resilience and solidarity laid the foundation for a vibrant cultural tradition passed down through generations.
A Unique Element in Our Events
The practice of Mardi Gras Indians masking on St. Joseph’s Day began before World War I. Italian Catholic communities were celebrating the holiday, which provided the Mardi Gras Indians an opportunity to participate under the cover of celebration. By 1970, their nighttime gatherings evolved into the daytime parades we know today.
In the late 19th century, African Americans were often excluded from mainstream Mardi Gras parades and balls, which spurred the creation of the Mardi Gras Indian tradition. They paid homage to their Native American allies with elaborate, hand-sewn suits adorned with bright feathers, beads, sequins, and rhinestones. These suits, often weighing up to 150 pounds, are folk art masterpieces that reflect historic and folkloric themes.
Each Mardi Gras Indian suit is composed of a crown, dickie, and apron, with intricately beaded patches sewn by hand over the course of six months to a year. The Big Chief’s headdress alone can weigh between 50 and 75 pounds, emphasizing the dedication and artistry involved in these creations.
Where to Experience Mardi Gras Indian Culture
Mardi Gras Indians showcase their stunning suits and culture twice a year—on Mardi Gras Day and Super Sunday—along with special events like Jazz Fest. If you can’t experience their lively performances firsthand, you can learn more about the history and beauty of their culture at the Backstreet Cultural Museum or the Donald Harrison, Sr. Museum.
At ACCENT New Orleans, we are proud to honor this legacy by bringing the Mardi Gras Indian spirit to our events. Let us help you add a touch of New Orleans’ rich culture to your next gathering! Reach out here.